Tenon-forming machine.



1 No. 805,183. PATENTED Nov. 21, 1905.

' s. R. BAILEY.

TBNON PORMING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEO- 8.1904.

2 BHEETB-SHEHT l.

No. 805,183. PATENTBD NOV. 21, 1905.

S. R. BAILEY.

TENON FORMING MACHINE.

APPLIGATION FILED DBG. 8. 1904.

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NITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 21, 1905.

Application filed December 8, 1904. Serial No. 235,927.

be employed in forming a series of tenons at the end of a board, so that a special form of tenon corner-joint, which constitutes the subject-matter of my Patent No'. 782,639, dated February 14, 1905, may be constructed.

The object of my invention is to provide a I machine which will perform the operation above referred to with accuracy and facility, so that a properly-fitting joint may be produced.

Said machine is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation thereof. Fig. 2 is a plan view. Fig. 3 is a central longitudinal vertical section. Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the machine. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the bed. Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of the chisel-holding head. Fig. 7 is a detail view of a portion of one of the clamping members of the head. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a board which has been operated upon by said machine, and Fig. 9 is a side view of the completed joint.

The bed a of the machine is provided with forwardly-inclined guideways a at each corner thereof and an intermediate guideway a2 in the middle of the front end thereof, the surfaces of said guideways all being parallel. A carriage b is slidably mounted on said guideways, it being provided with correspondingly arranged and inclined bearings which rest thereon, so that as the carriage is moved for-l wardly it-is also lowered, its transverse worksupporting plates always being held in a horizontal position. The bearings at the front end of the carriage are formed on the under side of an inclined bed-plate b2, which extends across the front end of the carriage, and the upper side of said plate b2 is provided with bearing-surfaces, which are parallel to the faces of the bearings Z2. A clampingwedge c is slidably mounted upon said plate b2, said wedge being adapted to be moved forwardly and rearwardly by means of a screw relatively inclined, so that when the under side thereof rests upon the bed-plate b2 the upper side will be horizontal or parallel with the work-supports If of the carriage.

A cross-bar e extends across the bed and is rigidly supported at each end upon lugs a3 integral with the bed, and a cross-bar f extends across and is rigidly connected at each end to lugs 56 on the carriage b, said bar f being disposed directly above the rearmost portion of the bed-plate b2 and the under side thereof being liat and parallel to the surface of the worksupports and the upper side of the wedge c. The distance between the under side of bar f' and the plane of supports b4 should be but slightly greater than the maximum thickness of the stock to be mortised.

A feed-screw g is threaded in the cross-bar e and has a swivel connection with the cross- 'bar f, said screw being disposed parallel to the surfaces of the guideways co.

A series of side lugs b5 are provided at each side of the carriage, the inner faces of the lugs at one side being in a plane which converges with the tplane of the faces of the other side toward the front of the machine. Said lugs are provided with inwardly-projecting brackets la, having removable bolts k therein.

A shaft a' is mounted in bearings secured on the upper ends of standards j at the front end of the machine, and suitable means for driving said shaft is provided. A head le is reciprocally mounted upon the standards j' and is connected to the shaft c' by any suitable means, such as the connecting-rods and eccentrics shown, so that it will be moved vertically when the shaft is driven. The head 7c is composed of two horizontal clamping members or bars m, and a, the member m being directly connected to the connecting-rods and being provided with a horizontal abutting rib m', which engages the top side ofthe member a, and an intermediate horizontal side rib m2. The member n is provided with a side bearing-rib a at its top, which is adapted to bear against the side of member m, and it is also provided with a vertically-slotted rib a2, in which a gang of chisels 0 are fitted, the width of the spaces between said chisels and the width of the chisels being the same. The upper ends of said chisels bear against the under side of said rib m2, and the Shanks of said chisels are of slightly greater width than IOO IIO

the depth of said grooves, so that they may l which I have invented. An adjustable stopbe firmly clamped transversely between the bottoms of said grooves and the side member m by means of aclamping-boltp, which passes through said members m and a a short distance above the upper ends of said chisels. A key q extends the entire length of the members m and n and is located in recesses formed in the side of member m, rib n?, and the edges of the chisels o.

The manner in which the ends of the boards are to be prepared is illustrated in Fig. 8, and the manner in which two ends are joined in Fig. Q-that is, a series of tongues and grooves of equal width are provided in one side of each board and extend to its end, the grooves decreasing in depth regularly from the end of the board. lVhen two ends are fitted together, as in Fig. 9, it is necessary that the ends of the tongues of one board bear against the bottoms of the grooves of the other in order that a joint having both rigidity and a finished appearance be produced.

In operating the machine the boards, which have previously been beveled at their ends and cut off at an angle proportional to the fiare of the wagon-body to be constructed, are laid flat upon the carriage with one edge pressed against the lugs at one or the other side of the carriage, according to the particular side piece to be mortised, as indicated at s in Fig. 3. A hole is previously bored in each board in such a position that whenl a bolt /L' is passed therethrough, when held as above described, the front end of the board will be-parallel to the line of the edges of the chisels o and at a distance therefrom corre- Sponding to the position of the carriage when at the limit of its 'forward movement. In this position the end portion of the board extends beneath and close to the cross-barf, the surface which is to bear the inner side of the wagon-body next said bar. The screw Z is then turned, forclng the wedge c up underneath the end of the board and the cross-bar f, thereby clamping the board firmly against the under side of said cross-bar and providing a solid support for the end of the board directly beneath the portion thereof which is to be engaged by the chisels.

The machine being started, the feed-screw g is turned to feed forward thecarriage, carrying the end portion of the board into engagement with the chisels, and as the carriage is moved forward the chisels will cut a series of grooves in the end of the board, the limit of the downward movement of the chisels being at such a point that they will not pass completely through the board. As the carriage is moved forward it is also lowered, although its horizontal position is maintained, so that the grooves which will be cut by the chisels will gradually decrease in depth, as shown in Figs. 3 and 8, this being a feature of special importance in the particular form of joint screw t is provided for limiting the forward movement of the carriage, so that the carriage may not be fed beyond the point at which said grooves should terminate. When this point is reached, the feed screw g is turned in the opposite direction and the carriage drawn back, the chisels being permitted to continue to reciprocate, so that they will remove the chips from the grooves as the carriage is drawn back, the operation then being completed.

It is very difhcult and practically impossible to produce boards ready for the mortising operation which are of uniform thickness. As above stated, however, the depth of the grooves and the length of the tenons must be uniform, and in case one board is thicker than another the outer sides of the boards may be planed od after they have been jointed together, as in Fig. 9, so that a perfect cornerjoint at the outside may be produced. As the work-engaging face of the bar f is at the same i side of the work as the chisels and as the work is firmly clamped against said face by the wedge c, it follows that the grooves will be cut to a uniform depth whatever the thickness of the boards.

rlhe particular form of head for holding the chisels is an important feature of my invention, as it holds the chisels rigidly and as it enables me to remove readily any one of the blades which may have become dulled or broken by simply loosening the clampingbolt p and removing the key q.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A tenon-forming machine, comprising a movable carriage, a gage-bar rigidly supported thereon, and having a work-engaging face on its under side, a vertically-movable work clamping and supporting device having a work-engaging face extending' beneath and in front of said bar, and a series of tenoncutting chisels vertically movable above and toward said clamping and supporting device adjacent said bar, substantially as described.

2. A tenen-forming machine, comprising a bed, a work-supporting carriage reciprocally mounted thereon, a gage-bar rigidly connected to said carriage and having a Work-engaging face on its under side, above the Work-supporting portion of the carriage, a clampingwedge slidably mounted on said carriage beneath and in front of said bar, and having a work clamping and supporting face parallel to the face of said bar, means forforcing the clamping portion of said wedge beneath said bar to clamp the work therebetween, and to provide a rigid support for the Work in front of said bar, and a series of tenon-cutting chisels vertically movable above and toward the supporting portion of said Wedge, substantially as described.

IOO

soaiss 3. A tenon-iorming machine, comprising a gang ofchisels movable through a predetermined vertical distance, a bed, having a series of parallel ways obliquely disposed to the horizontal, a carriage reciprocally mounted on said ways and having a horizontal worksu pporting face, means for clam ping the work on said face and means for moving the carriage beneath said chisels and for limiting its movement in one direction, substantially as described.

4. In combination with a tenon-forming machine, a head comprising two clamping members one of said members having two longitudinal ribs, one above the other, and the lower rib having transverse slots, a series of chisels having their shanks arranged in said slots, the other clamping member having alongitudinal rib which engages the upper rib of the irst-named member at one side, andthe other side of which engages the ends of the chisel-Shanks, and means for securing said members together and for holding said chisels in said position in said slots, substantially as described.

5. In combination with a tenon-'forming machine, a head comprising two clamping members, one of said members having two longitudinal ribs one above the other, and the lower rib having transverse slots, a series of chisels having their Shanks arranged in said slots, said Shanks being of greater width than the depth thereof, the other clamping member having a longitudinal rib engaging the upper rib of the iirst-named member at one side and serving as an abutment for the ends of the chisel-Shanks, and means for clamping said members against the opposite edges of said Shanks, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

SAMUEL R. BAILEY.

Witnesses:

LoUIs H. HARRIMAN, M. M. PIPER. 

